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Johann Andreas Wagner

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Johann Andreas Wagner
Born21 March 1797
Nuremberg, Germany
Died17 December 1861
Academic work
Disciplinepalaeontology
zoology
archaeology
InstitutionsUniversity of Munich
Zoologische Staatssammlung
Notable works"Roth & Wagner" textbook

Johann Andreas Wagner (21 March 1797 – 17 December 1861) was a German palaeontologist, zoologist and archaeologist who wrote several important works on palaeontology. He was also a pioneer of biogeographical theory.

Career

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The oldest biogeographical map. Wagner indicated the northern, the equatorial, the Australian and the Magellan provinces (southern South America)

Wagner was born in Nuremberg and received a PhD from the University of Erlangen in 1826 after spending some time in the University of Wurzburg (1814-16). He worked as a privatdozent at Erlangen after a tour that included a visit to Paris. In 1832 he became an adjunct to Gotthilf Heinrich von Schubert at the Munich zoological collection. In 1835 he was elected to the Royal Bavarian Academy of Science. In 1845 he organized a survey of the distributions of 44 vertebrates (16 mammals, 27 birds, 1 reptile) across the districts of Bavaria under auspices of the Kingdom of Bavaria.[1] In 1849 he was made third curator for the zoological collections. He was the author of Die Geographische Verbreitung der Säugethiere Dargestellt (1844–1846). In this work he recognized the zone around Mexico, Honduras and Nicaragua as being occupied by a mix of Nearctic and Neotropical fauna. This had also been suggested by Karl Illiger and Heinrich Lichtenstein.[2] But Wagner produced some of the earliest biogeographical maps. He also published the South American mollusc work of Von Spix.[3][4]

Wagner was a Christian creationist.[5] In his theory on the distributions of mammals he assumed a single flood based on which he explained his fossil finds. He pointed out the history of domestic animals supported ideas in the Bible of a repopulation of the earth from around Mount Ararat.[4]

Pikermi

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Pikermi fossil of a hyena tooth Adcrocuta eximia, showing the characteristic craquelure, Teylers Museum.
Hipparion from Pikermi, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris.

In his travels to the fossil beds of Pikermi, Wagner discovered and described fossil remains of mastodon, Dinotherium, Hipparion, two species of giraffe, antelope and others.[6][7] His collaboration with Johannes Roth on these fossils became a major textbook in palaeontology, known as "Roth & Wagner", in which the "bones were much broken, and no complete skeleton was found with all the parts united".[8][9]

Legacy

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See also: Category:Taxa named by Johann Andreas Wagner

Wagner is commemorated in the scientific name of a species of South American snake, Diaphorolepis wagneri.[10]

Bibliography

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References

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  1. ^ Rehbein, Malte (2025). "From Historical Archives to Algorithms: Reconstructing Biodiversity Patterns in 19th Century Bavaria". Diversity. 17 (5): 315. doi:10.3390/d17050315. ISSN 1424-2818.
  2. ^ Hermogenes De Mendonça, Lize; Ebach, Malte C (2020-12-02). "A review of transition zones in biogeographical classification". Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 131 (4): 717–736. doi:10.1093/biolinnean/blaa120. ISSN 0024-4066.
  3. ^ Cowie, R.H.; Cazzaniga, N.J.; Glaubrecht,M. (2004). "The South American Mollusca of Johann Baptist Ritter von Spix and their publication by Johann Andreas Wagner". The Nautilus. 118: 71–87.
  4. ^ a b Martius, C.F.P. von (1862). Denkrede auf Joh. Andreas Wagner : gehalten in der öffentlichen Sitzung am 28. November 1862. Munich: Verl. der K. Akad.
  5. ^ Rupke, Nicolaas A. (2005). Neither Creation nor Evolution: The Third Way in Mid-Nineteenth-Century Thinking about the Origin of Species. Annals of the History and Philosophy of Biology 10: 160.
  6. ^ Upper Miocene Formations of Greece at Pikermi Archived 2012-06-03 at the Wayback Machine on Geology.com
  7. ^ Neue Beiträge zur Kenntniss der fossilen Säugthier-Überreste von Pikermi on Google books, by Wagner, Munich, 1857
  8. ^ Die fossilen Knochenüberreste von Pikermi in Griechenland on Google books, by Johannes Rudolf Roth and Johann Andreas Wagner, Munich, 1854
  9. ^ "bones were much broken" in the Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal, Volume 6, 1857, page 182
  10. ^ Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011). The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. ISBN 978-1-4214-0135-5. ("Wagner, J.A.", p. 278).
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